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1. Components and Assembly

• Coupling Housing: It is divided into two – piece halves. These halves are designed to fit snugly into the grooves machined around the entire circumference of the pipes being connected. This mechanical interlock helps prevent axial movement of the pipes relative to each other.
• Rubber Gasket: The rubber gasket has a special “C” – profile design. During assembly, a stretched rubber gasket, which is slightly smaller than the pipe diameter of the two pipe ends, is placed around the pipe ends first, creating an initial seal. Then, the two halves of the coupling housing are positioned around the gasket. The gasket conforms to the shape of the coupling halves. Finally, the coupling halves are bolted together using bolts with oval necks that fit into the matching oval holes of the coupling and flange nuts. Tightening the bolts further improves the sealing performance.

2. Sealing Mechanism

• When the piping system is pressurized, the unique “C” – profile of the rubber gasket comes into play. As the pressure inside the piping system increases, the “pressure reserve” created by the gasket’s profile causes the sealing lips to be pressed more firmly against the gasket seating surface. This forms the third and final seal, making the connection completely leak – proof and airtight. The working temperature range of these gaskets is typically from – 34 °C to + 110 °C.

3. Types and Their Functional Features

• Rigid Grooved Couplings: These couplings provide a very rigid connection, similar to traditional flanged, welded, or threaded piping connections, often with the aid of grip teeth. Once installed, they effectively eliminate or reduce angular deflection, axial displacement, and rotation between the connected pipes. This characteristic makes them suitable for long pipeline installations where precise alignment needs to be maintained.
• Flexible Grooved Couplings: These allow for some degree of angular misalignment and axial movement. This flexibility enables them to be used to create smooth bends in the piping system and absorb thermal expansion and contraction. In certain applications, the use of flexible grooved couplings can even eliminate the need for traditional expansion joints, loops, or other expansion devices.